I disagree with makattack.
They do not even teach the process for learning, since you cannot teach how to learn without providing practice material. Learning history, literature, religion (academic studies, not religious studies) art and philosophy is is learning how to think well, since all of these subjects require thinking and often have no concrete correct answer to fall back on.
I remember being somewhat amazed in my college economics class that so many students had trouble with theory and preferred facts. It annoyed me, because I absolutely love theory and prefer learning contrasting theories over boring facts, but the teacher, in deference to the other students, would go easy on theory and not spend a lot of time discussing the ideas behind economics. The theories were "too hard" and the other students just could not grasp why we should even bother with something that was not fact, much less discuss it and debate it.
Too a slightly lesser extent, it was an issue throughout all the soft sciences, which amazed me. You cannot study any subject based on scientific method without understanding theory and the soft sciences tend to have more theory than fact. It was amazing to me since so much of current crop of college students waste their college years on soft sciences and the humanities, non of which are easy on theory.
I'm really not certain what schools are teaching, since they don't even seem like they are teaching a person to regurgitate facts, much less teaching students to think.