In the 1800's there were some commentators that said the Second applied to the states, but most courts said it did not- however the Supreme Court actually said states could not disarm the citizens, as it would prevent them from serving in the militia, regardless of the second amendment.
The people who wrote the 14th amendment clearly stated they intended to protect the right to bear arms... black people were being disarmed and murdered, and the 14th amendment was intended to protect against this, among other things.
The courts, however, basically ignored the 14th amendment for a long time. It wasn't until recently, as we know, that the 14th amendment was declared by the court to apply the Second to the states as well... it was a very, very tardy ruling.
Unfortunately, the courts are overwhelmingly packed with people who distain gun rights, and so these rulings have had almost no effect... and the supreme court has, as of now, basically done nothing about it. We will see if this changes soon.