Respectfully, it takes little effort for someone to make a phone call.
"Hey, Sir, i got an email from a passenger aboard such and such vessel. They said there's a fishing boat stranded near them."
Then, they look up that ship's position, get in touch with the ship, and investigate.
Maybe i'm ignorant. I'm not in the navy or coast guard... but the position reporting and tracking capabilities of the AIS stuff we use at my job are pretty doggone impressive.
I don't know, but if all the vessels in the great lakes carry transponders that our CG assets can see on a map real time (and they do, I know this because I'm looking at them now through our AIS layer on our map), then it stands to reason something like this should be easily available for tracking a large cruise liner.
Agree on the rest of your post though.
And, if there's no way for a hospitality crew member to communicate a situation to the actual sailing crew, there's something horribly wrong.