The late sci-fi/fantasy writer Anne McCaffrey used this as a central theme in several of her books. She wrote a multi-book series that's loosely referred to as the Dragonriders of Pern series. The basis is that a group sent out from Earth to colonize a distant planet loses contact with Earth, and through a combination of time and natural disasters then loses its technology and reverts to a basically agrarian society at about the level of development of medieval Europe.
Until, millennia later, someone unearths a buried crypt that houses a super-intelligent computer, which they call "AIVAS" -- Artificial Intelligence Voice Address System. From the wonders revealed to them by AIVAS, they achieve near miraculous technological progress within the span of a single generation.
Its good reading. My favorite sci-fi series ever. I think I have all her books in the series. (After she died, her son started writing additional titles in the series. I have the first two -- I won't waste any money on anything else he writes.)