A Great Leap Forward like the shuttle maybe?
All the new tech apparently made things far more expensive and less safe during the last space transport upgrade.
That was due to the inherent difficulty of creating a reusable space plane like the shuttle. It's simply way harder to make a reliable, safe vehicle in that configuration. Something like the foam strike that damaged the heat-resistant tiles on the Columbia, for instance, can't happen in a normal rocket, because the heat shield isn't exposed like the shuttle's was; it's hidden behind fairings and is protected by the body of the capsule itself.
The design also makes it very difficult for the crew to escape in the event that something goes wrong. Had the first stage of the Saturn V blown up like the Challenger's did, the
Launch Escape System would have yanked the crew clear of the destroyed rocket and allowed them to return to the ground safely. Pretty much all the new manned rocket designs have a system similar to the LES in place.
I could believe that we'd have a hard time, though not impossible time, building an exact copy of the Saturn V today. Those skills were learned once and could be learned again. However, building something much better than the Saturn V would be entirely doable without having to train folks up on obsolete skills.
Yeah...if you were building it the exact same way they did back in '68, it'd be difficult. But using modern techniques, I don't think it'd be all that hard at all.
Dynetics and Pratt Whitney Rocketdyne are currently re-engineering the F-1 engine that the first stage of the Saturn V used; they want NASA to consider it for the first stage of the SLS system. They've greatly simplified the design and believe they'll be able to increase thrust by 15% or so. I don't think they'd have a problem getting it working
if they are ever given the green light.