Popular Mechanics had a good comparison of alt fuels. None has as much energy per unit as gas iirc.
I don't know how long they have been engines with natural gas but I would guess it has been happening since the very early 20th century. But only as stationary engines until recently. Stationary engines just require the proper size piping. and a reliable suppy, and are excellent emergency generator fuel.
Natural gas needs a high pressure compressor to fuel up. I am talking about 300 PSI. Last place I work had installed a NG filling station and they tied into a 350 PSI gas main so it would be easier to pump up the pressure since the first stage was already done.
The big draw back ,as I see it, is lack of fueling stations, and the lack of fuel capacity on the vehicle.
Heat vaule of from low to high is NG, Propane, Butane, gasoline, diesel, bunker oil.
Of these fuels, bunker oil is used in certain boilers, not usable as motor fuel.
Diesel and gasoline are available in almost all populated areas. #2 Deisel is the same fuel as heating oil.
Propane is available in most towns but it may take some scouting around to find a seller. As a propane delivery/service man, most of the trucks that I drove at work, since 1959, has been propane powered.
Sorry, but it's still absolute EVIL because it uses fossil fuel and makes global woerming climate change gases.
So does your breathing and your motor vehicles. When you find a way to get around without breathing, I agree to get a none polluting vehicle.