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Main Forums => The Roundtable => Topic started by: Oleg Volk on January 18, 2006, 07:03:02 PM

Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Oleg Volk on January 18, 2006, 07:03:02 PM
Why hardly anyone in the US, even those with luxury homes, get flimsy frame houses instead of brick, stone, reinforced concrete, etc? Sheetrock isn't exactly the most classy wall material, though cheap. Can't concrete blocks be pre-cast with channels for plumbing and wires? Seems that sturdier materials would resist hurricanes and tornados better...
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Felonious Monk/Fignozzle on January 18, 2006, 07:17:41 PM
Cost.  People will take the risk that their home will never get hit by a once in 50 years catastrophic hurricane, so they can add the extra bedroom and the dedicated den/workout room.

Just a guess, but I'd put money on it.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Guest on January 18, 2006, 07:23:21 PM
In California and elsewhere, earthquakes are an issue.  You need something that can wiggle.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: brimic on January 18, 2006, 07:27:01 PM
Lumber is cheap and it takes a lot less labor to build a stick house, making these houses even cheaper yet. Stone requires a lot of skilled labor, and a lot of stone that is fairly consistant in shape an size. My wife and I and her family have spent the many weekends over the last 6 years building a vacation home in the UP. The outside is 1/2 stone/ 1/2 siding. We spent many days scrounging rock piles on local farms to get enough workable stone and in the end had to pay another $400 each family  to have a truckload of fieldstone brought in to supplemnt the material we scrounged. The interior has very little sheetrock, its mostly tung and groove knotty pine- again a lot of expense and at least 10x as much labor. We built a stone chimney to support a woodstove in the basement and a fireplace on the main floor, the fireplace being made from fieldstone. The chimney/fireplace alone took us 1 year to build, an experienced stonemason who is a friend of our family's looked at it and said he would have charged $40,000 to do a job like that.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Standing Wolf on January 18, 2006, 08:58:12 PM
Quote
Can't concrete blocks be pre-cast with channels for plumbing and wires?
I'm sure they could be; I'm equally sure pre-cast concrete would make an excellent house-building material.

The problem, I'd guess, is that there's no very large market for solidly constructed houses. I know a fellow who dropped $300,000 into a frame and chip board house last summer. It's already developed warps, gaps, and squeaks. He figures that kind of sloppy construction is just inevitable. I figure they saw him coming, but I also have to figure he's the norm.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Guest on January 18, 2006, 09:26:33 PM
The prevailing construction methods in any given area usually depend on the available resources and the climate. For most of the U.S. wood is a logical choice and the most abundant/cheap option. I would imagine that lumber is much more expensive in Europe, leaving stone as a more viable option.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: zahc on January 18, 2006, 09:45:07 PM
My parents built a cedar log home. It is very cool, and sturdy, and easy to heat. But it was so much harder to build.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 18, 2006, 11:12:55 PM
yup, cheaper and easier to find the workers, faster too (in most cases). Not many guys around here (Connecticut) can build anything but framed houses. I know one guy that builds log houses. Each nail is a 12" spike that he must drive in with a 3 lb sledge. He can only manage one house a year. He's not sure how many he has left in him. Very heavy labor intensive. Beautiful homes though. I've seen one modern stone house in my days. All roundstone. Owned by a very rich developer. He left a natural boulder in place and built the house around it. So there was a HUGE boulder in his living room. There was another on a platform in the pool. The coolest part was he built a guests quarters out in the back that was a reduced scale replica of the main house. As far as concrete block. Lot's of commercial buildings are done this way but all the wiring and plumbing are hidden either in the ceilings or behind sheetrock "veneer" (if you will) walls in the interior. No real need to cast special blocks. It would take a long time for something like that to catch on and in the meantime this would cause prices of the "new" blocks to be elevated which in turn would further work against attempts to market them. One thing about builders. They are all terrified of stepping away from what has always worked for them to try something new. Call them "set in their ways". Specially here in New England.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: brimic on January 18, 2006, 11:30:43 PM
Quote
Each nail is a 12" spike that he must drive in with a 3 lb sledge. He can only manage one house a year.
I've helped to build a few log homes. One of the techniques is to stand on top of the logs with a drill that's 3' long and drill down through the log wall then pound a stake through to tie the logs together. Its insanely hard work.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 18, 2006, 11:41:35 PM
yea, I can't remember if he drilled or not. I think he did.

Quote
Its insanely hard work.
+1 on that

Beautiful homes though. I want one but by the time I can afford it he'll probably have retired. Sad
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: TarpleyG on January 19, 2006, 04:29:14 AM
All the houses here in south Florida are built out of concrete block (CBS or cinder block).  Built a hell of a lot better than anything in most parts of the country and from what I saw in homes prices here 6 years or so ago (before the housing boom here), it's not appreciably more to build than a frame house.  Not sure why more builders elsewhere don't use this method.

Greg
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: roo_ster on January 19, 2006, 04:33:54 AM
All the above are good explanations.

Here in DFW, we have shifting, expanding, and contracting soils.  Gets wet, it expands.  Gets dry, it contracts.  Even the more robust slab & concrete block commercial buildings have their foundations heave.  In 20 years, a warehouse floor or any particularly large slab structure will look more like a washboard and less like a plane of glass.

The stick & drywall construction will show cracks in the drywall, but won't usually give way like a cinder block wall might.  If your house foundation is pier & beam, send a tunnel rat under it with a bottle jack & some cedar shims...something a homeowner can do.  If it is a slab, get ready to hire a company to dig around your foundation and THROUGH the middle of your living room to install piers to hold up the foundation...to the tune of ~$500/pier.

Large office buildings use seriously strong & resilient reinforced concrete pilings/piers sunk WAAAAAY deep.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: brimic on January 19, 2006, 04:52:42 AM
Up here, its required to pour a footing or 'frost wall' that goes 4' below the frost line that the foundation sits on. Pretty much anything that isn't sitting on a footing or doesn't have a lot of room for 'give' will get mangled up in short order.

Q? what does lumber cost down in Florida? Up here at least you can buy low grade 2x4 wall studs for under $2 a piece.
Another thing I can think of is that up here, outside walls are typically 2x6 allowing for a good 5" of insulation inside the walls.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: K Frame on January 19, 2006, 05:34:53 AM
Steel is making big inroads here in the central Atlantic. It's still framing, but it replaces wood with pre-engineered systems that essentially bolt together. No, or very little, cutting involved.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: onions! on January 19, 2006, 05:47:02 AM
I was thinking about concrete a while back.When ever the news is showing Israel or the Far East most of the structures are concrete.It seems that quite a bit of the new construction,both residential & commercial,in mainland China is made up of concrete structures.My paternal parental unit makes yearly business trips to China & has expressed almost shock @ just how fast whole towns can be poured.

This is an interesting link
http://www.concretehomesmagazine.com/monthly/art.php?1839

I've seen others that mention a 200(!)year expected life span for a 1800sq ft concrete home.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: mtnbkr on January 19, 2006, 05:54:12 AM
Quote from: Mike Irwin
Steel is making big inroads here in the central Atlantic. It's still framing, but it replaces wood with pre-engineered systems that essentially bolt together. No, or very little, cutting involved.
A friend of mine used to live in a steel frame house in Sterling.  Other than not being able to easily drill into the "studs", it was just like any other house.

Chris
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: brimic on January 19, 2006, 06:04:36 AM
Another thing nice about steel studs, is that termites won't eat them.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 19, 2006, 07:04:56 AM
You'd be amazed at how many giant sized high end McMansions have 2x4 outside walls. At least here anyways. I can't believe people will hand over $500,000 plus for a house with 2x4 walls.  "Here's the library, the music room, the den, the TV room, etc" etc." Meanwhile I'm thinking, "This is all very nice but the house is only made of 2x4 walls." rolleyes
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Art Eatman on January 19, 2006, 08:19:27 AM
Ya gotta compare labor intensive with materials intensive, and the relative costs for each.

Before the 1960s, generally and on a comparative basis, labor was cheap and materials were expensive.  So, more rock or brick homes in the middle- and upper-middle-class homes.

The changes in relative costs for labor and materials, plus the construction concept of things like Levittown after WW II, a crew could come in, do a slab, another crew would frame and roof a house and then another crew would finish it.  Stick construction meant fast construction times and less tie-up of the builder's line of credit.

If you want fairly up-to-date construction, go with R-30 foamed wall panels in steel frames.  R-30 above the ceiling.  Heat with a match; cool with an ice cube. Smiley  Very fast construction time.  Inert materials, from a weather and termite standpoint.

I was 60 when I built my present house.  I know my son isn't interested in living in Terlingua, so why build for a long, long lifespan for the house?  Stick frame.  RufTex panelling inside and out.  2x6 studs for the west and north walls; R19.  Full length porches, east and west sides, so little sun load.  R30 above the ceiling.

I ran the foundation job.  I hired a guy to build the basic box; five men dried it in in eight days.  I then took over.  Five months of my labor; one month for BossLady.  House, separate garage, 14 acres surveyed for the "lot"; water system; furniture and appliances:  1,400 sq ft at $33/sq ft.  Not bad for an Old Fart.

If it lasts another ten or fifteen years, I'm golden.

Smiley, Art
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: stevelyn on January 20, 2006, 03:29:06 AM
Brick, stone, block buildings don't fare well here in the frozen north, especially on ground that can be subjected to frost heaves. Then there is the problem with conduction due to the cold temperatures. They're not worth the headache. Gimme a frame or log home any day. Steel is also starting to make inroads here too.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Art Eatman on January 20, 2006, 05:18:49 AM
Down here in the desert SW, adobe has long been a staple building item, along with rock.  But, labor intensive.  ("In Terlingua, rock is a renewable resource.")  Enterprising folks--with strong backs--haul rock for free, and/or make their own adobe bricks.

Quite a few house are now being built of hay bales.  Concrete slab, steel supports for the roof structure.  Coatings over the hay are the same as for adobe.  I haven't checked as to the R value, but it's high.

Art
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Neophyte on January 20, 2006, 03:26:51 PM
I've seen a couple of news pieces on Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF) buildings, where - just like it sounds - you pour the footer, frame the house with precut and shaped foam forms and fill with concrete.  You end up with reinforced concrete walls from 6-12" - much stronger and quieter than the standard stick-built house.

Advantages over stick homes: higher strength, better noise reduction, better insect resistance, better fire resistance, (maybe) lower costs depending on your location and available building supplies and labor, and greater energy savings (due to the preexisting insulation and reduced air infiltration)

Possible disadvantanges: costs (see above), greater planning needed to avoid airflow problems and condensation, all utility passthroughs should be planned carefully before the pour (although you can cut holes after the concrete's set, it's still a pain), usually a smaller pool of contractors familiar with ICF buildings, and possibly lower resale value since it's non-standard (again, depending on location).

There's lots of sites on ICF out there - a Google search led me to QuadLock's FAQ.  They've got a good overview of the process (and, of course, why you should buy from them instead of the others Smiley).

If I were to build a house from scratch I'd look hard at ICF, but that's just me.
(And no, I'm not a builder or financially involved or anything, I'm just interested in it.)
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Harold Tuttle on January 20, 2006, 09:14:50 PM
ever been in a hay bale / stucco building?

Nice and sturdy and very well insulated

ya just gotta make sure the mice stay out
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Fjolnirsson on January 20, 2006, 09:40:46 PM
Here's something interesting. Polystyrene board, sprayed with a liquid that dries "as hard as concrete".
http://www.grancrete.net/grancrete_overview12.htm

Sounds neat.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 21, 2006, 03:38:02 AM
Won't the hay rot after a while?
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Art Eatman on January 21, 2006, 09:04:04 AM
280plus, it's a desert thing.  Low humidity.  The hay has a mortar coating, then stucco, then paint--just as with adobe.  A wider than usual roof overhang is a Good Thing, as well.

Drift:  The feds called for bids on subsidized housing in Santa Fe, New Mexico.  One builder submitted plans with the use of adobe.  His bid was among the low ones, but the D.C. Beltway Bandits didn't understand anything but brick or wood.  They queried the bidder about durability.  In response, he sent them a photograph of the Taos Pueblo, a multistory apartment complex which has been continuously occupied for over 500 years...

Art
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 21, 2006, 09:45:14 AM
Ah, low humidity. Makes more sense.

Quote
In response, he sent them a photograph of the Taos Pueblo, a multistory apartment complex which has been continuously occupied for over 500 years...
Hah, I LOVE that. It reminds me of me trying to sell radiant floor heating. The usual response is about how it's new and they don't like new stuff. I love to tell them how the Romans used to heat their floors. They did it a bit differently but nothing is new about heating the floor.

Cheesy
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Matt G on January 21, 2006, 10:24:42 AM
It's rare that stone or concrete is actually the frame of the structure; it's usually the facing.

Frankly, it's easier to do it that way, and usually stronger.

One of the neater houses I've ever seen was the Pratt Cabin in McKitrick Canyon in Guadalupe National Park, where the original settler built a house at the end of that distant place with local flake stone. It's amazing: note that even the roof is stone. It was built in the 40's, and stands unchanged (now locked) with virtually no maintenance.

I'd love to do that.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Tallpine on January 21, 2006, 12:00:30 PM
"ever been in a hay bale / stucco building?"

Some nearby friends built a porch addition onto their ranch house using straw bales.

About the only good thing that I could see about it, was the great insulation value and the fact that they already had the straw bales.

The amount of labor involved is atrocious!  Of course, just stacking the bales doesn't take much time, but then they had to painstakingly apply the chicken wire and stucco (two layers, inside and out) plus a bunch of hardware to tie the bales together (little cables, clamps, turnbuckles, etc).  My two daughters helped them with mixing and applying the stucco.  The only advantage is that all that labor is pretty much totally unskilled - you don't have to be able to even read a tape measure or swing a hammer.

I figure I could have built that addition with lumber and plywood in a weekend.

The thing that most folks don't seem to realize is that the wall materials are going to only be about ten percent of the total cost: foundation, roof, windows, doors, plumbing, fiixtures, wiring, etc are going to be about the same either way.  Just like a yacht - the accomodations cost more than the hull.  So even if you save half on the cost of the walls, that is only 5% of the total cost.

I went through this years ago with some folks who wanted me to cut and stack logs on their land so they could build a cabin.  Their trees were mostly worthless for that purpose, being short, branchy, and tapered a lot.  But they thought they could save so much money using trees from their own land.  I finally got out of that one when I discovered that they could not even show me their exact property lines  Sad

I'd love to have a stone house (a little castle tower, maybe...?) but hopefully we will live in this place (frame/wood siding) for the rest of our lives.  I'm getting too old and worn out to build now.  But we did build a little 3-sided log shelter for our horses using wind and ice damaged trees from our land.  All it cost was a few spikes and chainsaw gas.  We even scrounged the metal for the roof (but we had to buy some screws).

If I had an easy and cheap source for some flat rocks, just for fun I would like to build a "beehive" shieling (cottage) on our land.  Smiley
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 21, 2006, 01:04:03 PM
Did you say horses?   I'll be right over... Cheesy
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Smoke on January 22, 2006, 04:43:29 PM
Try to get an interim construction loan for anything but "conventional construction".

Smoke
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: MillCreek on January 22, 2006, 07:13:10 PM
Up here in the Pacific NW, the land of timber, probably 95%+ of residential construction is lumber frame houses.  We have very few brick or stone houses, a few log cabins, and I think few if anyone is doing the steel frame housing.  Of course, here in the Seattle area, a 2000 sq. ft. 3 bed 2 bath on a 5000 sq. foot lot will run you around $ 300,000 outside of a 20 mile radius of downtown Seattle, and a lot more in some areas closer in.  The same house, 10 miles south of me, would go for $ 425,000 in the Bellevue-Redmond area.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 23, 2006, 02:21:53 AM
Quote
The same house, 10 miles south of me, would go for $ 425,000 in the Bellevue-Redmond area.
Location, location, location...
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Art Eatman on January 23, 2006, 06:04:53 AM
A contractor in my wife's hometown of Thomasville, GA, told me that his direct cost of building a house is $46 per square foot.  Then, add profit and the cost of the lot.  From casual reading of the real estate ads, lots (not in the luxury areas) seem to run $15K to 30K.  I didn't ask the guy what he adds for profit.

Art
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Leatherneck on January 23, 2006, 06:24:54 AM
I built two workshops--one up North and one down at the cottage. Both are two-story with about 2500 sq. ft of space. Against all the "expert" advice I built using 2x6 studs and 2x12 joists all on 16-inch centers. I like the extra solid feeling of the heavier framing material, and also the R-19 walls and R-30 ceiling capacity using fiberglas batts. The material cost was less then 10% additional.

TC
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: ...has left the building. on January 23, 2006, 09:20:40 AM
Quote from: Smoke
Try to get an interim construction loan for anything but "conventional construction".

Smoke
Smoke is right on.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Art Eatman on January 23, 2006, 12:17:02 PM
I asked a banker why financiing was difficult to get except for conventional 3/2/2 or bigger.  He said that actuarial tables showed the average length of residence, overall, was about three years.  Unconventional houses are hard to sell, and there are too many of them that get repoed and then written off at a loss.

Art
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: brimic on January 23, 2006, 04:31:26 PM
Quote
Unconventional houses are hard to sell, and there are too many of them that get repoed and then written off at a loss.
There's a house down the street from me that looks like it was designed by a schizophrenic architect. It has 3 different types of roof lines of the styles of Dutch colonial, Cape Cod, and Tudor. Its porportions are all wrong, and to top it off, its two toned, with the main part of the house being baby blue and the 3 car oddly shaped garage being yellow. The house is 6 years old and has been for sale for 5 of those years and is for sale now.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: K Frame on January 23, 2006, 08:07:43 PM
New house going up about 3 miles from where I live.

It's a big place, probably going to run 3,500-4,500 square feet.

All steel construction.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Oleg Volk on January 23, 2006, 08:09:18 PM
Discussed this thread with one of my friends today...he wants a tornado-proof house...I suggested part of the Maginot Line!
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: K Frame on January 23, 2006, 09:45:42 PM
Tornado proof?

Underground.

Tornado resistant?

Poured, rounded concrete.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: hso on January 24, 2006, 12:24:32 PM
Quote from: Oleg Volk
Why hardly anyone in the US, even those with luxury homes, get flimsy frame houses instead of brick, stone, reinforced concrete, etc? Sheetrock isn't exactly the most classy wall material, though cheap. Can't concrete blocks be pre-cast with channels for plumbing and wires? Seems that sturdier materials would resist hurricanes and tornados better...
The short answer to your question is that it's an economy of scale issue. Stick build houses are infinately flexable in disign, the materials are inexpensive, properly built they are durable and resistant to even extreme weather and will last a hundred years (if they don't burn).  

The reason block isn't used with channels set in them for utilities is that you'd end up with a large 3-D puzzel requireing block layers to align the channels for every block (slowing the process and increasing labor costs). Blocks with channels configured to preclude alignment errors would be expensive to produce and would not compare favorably with stick or standard block or brick.

Properly done sheetrock produces a stable and attractive wall. To be properly done though requires good installers and an excellent "mud man" (plasterer) to produce a finished surface as nice as lath and plaster.  It also provides fire resistance that paneling does not.
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: 280plus on January 24, 2006, 01:26:35 PM
In the old days, up here in the northeast, all the sheetrockers were French Canadian, eh? So we used to call sheetrock "French plywood". These days it seems all the sheetrockers are MEXICAN  for some reason. So does that now make sheetrock "Mexican plywood"?

And when did we go from Canadian Sheetrockers to Mexican ones anyways??

Things that make you say hmmmm...

Cheesy
Title: Why build frame houses?
Post by: Firethorn on January 24, 2006, 05:51:44 PM
Even an above ground thin-wall shotcrete home is pretty much hurricane proof.  No edges to catch, very strong walls.