I'm not an expert, but it seems to me age doesn't really matter; you just can't take so much off it as to kill or harm the tree. The cuttings don't need to be big; a couple mm's thick and 8-12 inches will probably do. I helped plant a bunch of willows along a creek a long ways back to help rehabilitate the place after a wildfire, and that's about the size we used. Unfortunately, another wildfire came through the area and torched everything a few years later, so I couldn't tell you how well it worked, but my siblings and I used similar sized cuttings (actually twigs that had been blown off a mature tree by the wind) to plant cottenwoods in our backyard, and, besides one that was killed by herbicides when it was 12 or 15 feet tall, they grew just fine.