It's been noted that BP burning speed
in a barrel goes up as the granule size goes down --FG to FFFFG. Smaller than that, as in an actual fine-grained dust, the burning speed goes down since there isn't room between the powder-like grains for a flame front to penetrate.
I have found that my tiny 1/4" bore 1.5" barrel model cannon* makes a pretty good "pop" with FFFFG even with no wadding whatsoever.
For very large naval cannons, in 1875 Dupont finally came up with "Hexagonal" powder for large artillery, which was pressed using shaped molds with small center posts, the resulting "powder" grains being about 1.5 inch in diameter, rather like a large threaded nut without the threads. The center hole widened as the grain burned. By 1880 naval guns were using Hexagonal "powder" 1 inch in height. They no longer called it powder, but simply "Hexagonal" as a trade name, like "Kleenex" is used today. This has been called the ultimate development of black powder.
Terry
* Actually, a Carronade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CarronadeREFS:
Hatcher's Notebook, somewhere in the powder chapter
ISBN: 9780811703505
GUNPOWDER: Alchemy, Bombards & Pyrotechnics, the history of the explosive that changed the world, by Jack Kelly
ISBN 0-465-03718-6 (Hard Cover) $?
ISBN 0-465-03722-4 (Paperback) US~$14.95