Don't forget how much regulation and unpaid obligations that varioius levels of govt put on hospitals.
I saw an article the other day that predicted the demise of the small town single doctor clinic as the levels of paperwork and admin costs outweight what a single doctor can manage. It wasn't just Obamacare, but all the regulations added over the last 10 or 15 years building up.
This is absolutely quoted for truth. When I started my healthcare legal career back in the 1980's here in Washington, small to medium (1-5 doctor) practices still were the norm, especially in suburban and rural areas. Medical groups of ten or more doctors were found only in the 'big cities' of Seattle, Everett, Tacoma, Olympia, Vancouver, Spokane and Yakima. But with all the regulations, the declining reimbursement, the paperwork requirements, and now the Federal push for electronic medical records, most small practices don't have the time, the resources or the expertise to keep up. This is why even in the small towns, physicans are selling their practices to the local hospital, and in turn, those small rural hospitals are being acquired or affiliated with the larger healthcare systems. It is the only way they can survive. And all this started many years ago, so it is not just a function of Obamacare.
I remember at the start of my career, that I would deal with doctors whose medical records were 4x6 cards kept in a file box. You would see one line notes like
4/17/75: pneumonia. Chest Xray. Penicillin. Not at all like the three pages of electronic charting for a simple cold, that is now required to prove you aren't committing fraud for that $ 35 office call.