I have a question for which I can't seem to find the right answer by searching the internet. Unusual, I know.
If you use a proxy server for connecting to the internet, are FTP and telnet connection IP's also changed, or does the proxy server only connect your machine to internet sites and change the IP logged by those sites?
Most often, APS sees me connecting from revdisk.org. Whether I'm on my phone, tablet, work PC or home PC. I set Firefox to send my traffic (HTTP and related DNS entries) through an SSH connection to my servers.
The term VPN is generally used for connecting all or specific traffic to another source and relaying it. Most VPNs redirect traffic only destined for the remote network through the tunnel. But one could redirect all traffic to the remote network.
A proxy server is near the same thing in theory but not in practice, but most commonly used when referring to a single or few number of protocols. Most proxy servers are single or few protocols, and optimized for their specific task.
You can funnel all traffic through a single protocol to a proxy server. You can VPN through a single protocol.
Yes, the IP address of the actual traffic is the proxy server or VPN device. Most devices or servers only see the new IP address. Within the traffic, you can sometimes or often find the actual source. This is called deep packet inspection. Sometimes people are careless. The biggest one is people who proxy their HTTP traffic, but not their DNS traffic.
There's also reverse proxies as well.
Giga, telnet (and ssh, etc) proxies are more common for security testing or hacking. The simplest form is loading metasploit on an intermediate machine. But it's not exactly hard to set up iptables to forward packets.
