I had a feeling it was something different from the Census. It does seem to be an American Community Survey.
There's a letter enclosed from a fellow named Robert M. Groves that says that I am required by law to fill this out.
"...results from this survey are used to decide where new schools, hospitals, and fire stations are needed. This information also helps communities plan for the kinds of emergency situations that might affect you and your neighbors, such as floods and other natural disasters."
My race, gender, where I was born, when I started living here, when the last time I attended any kind of school, my highest grade completed, where I lived one year ago, what sort of health insurance I have, my marital status, whether or not I've served in the military, whether I worked for pay last week or not, where it was that I worked, how many people rode to work with me, what time I left to go to work, how long it took me to get home, whether I was laid off or absent last week, whether I've been looking for work, when I last worked, whether I worked more than 50 weeks, how many weeks I worked, how many hours per week I worked, what sort of job I have, who employs me, what kind of business is it, what kind of work was I doing, what my duties were, and what my income was has nothing to do with any of those reasons he gave me in the letter.
I find these questions extremely invasive.
Oh, and "Your response to both (the Census and the Community Survey) is required by law," is in bold on the letter.