Honest question: Do actual military/leo/government drones typically run within the altitude range that overlaps the effective range of a shotgun? Seems to me that a shotgun might be good for 150 yards, and that 450ft AGL is considered very, very low for an aircraft to operate.
Generally speaking, the smaller the drone, the lower it flies when doing recon. Just a function of payload. Smaller drones can carry less mass, less mass implies a less capable sensor package, less capable sensor means you gotta get closer to see objects of interest.
The smallest fixed-wing platforms I have seen that can carry video for FPV or aerial photography are roughly 1 ounce. That is about 30-40 grams with camera. Made from EPS or EPO foam with nano/ultra-micro size RC hardware. Something like this is definitely in peril from Dick Cheney's fancy-pants 28ga SxS.
Example:
http://www.parkzone.com/Products/Default.aspx?ProdID=PKZU1580Wingspan: 16.5 in (419.1mm)
Overall Length: 13.6 in (346.1mm)
Flying Weight: 1.34 oz (38.0g)
Motor Size: 8.5mm Brushed
Radio: 4+ Channel DSM2 Transmitter required
CG (center of gravity): 32mm back from LE at root
Prop Size: 130mm x 70mm
Recommended Battery: 3.7V 120mAh 1S LiPo
Aileron: Yes
Elevator: Yes
Rudder: Yes
Throttle: Yes
Flaps: No
Retracts: No
Approx. Flying Duration: 6 minutes
Scale: Ultra Micro
Steering: Yes
Minimum Age Recommendation: 14 years
Experience Level: Intermediate
Recommended Environment: Indoor/Outdoor
Is Assembly Required: No
I own one of these. If there is no/little breeze, it is a hoot to fly. Full 4-ch aerobatics.
The smallest rotor-wing platforms up the mass to ~2 ounces. Still can be knocked down like a lawyer at a dove hunt.
Example:
http://www.bladehelis.com/Products/Default.aspx?ProdID=EFLH2480#quickSpecsType: Ultra micro coaxial helicopter
Main Rotor Diameter: 7.5 in (190mm)
Gross Weight: 1.0 oz (28 g)
Length: 7.9 in (200mm); Height: 4.7 in (120mm)
Motor Size: Micro coreless (2 installed)
Kit/ARF/RTF: BNF
Control System: 5-in-1 receiver/servos/mixer/ESCs/gyro (installed)
Experience Level: Beginner
Recommended Environment: Indoor
Is Assembly Required: No
I own one of these. It is a coax heli, so it can not handle any breeze, but still capable of toting the smallest sensor payloads. A collective pitch nano/ultra-micro heli like this (
http://www.bladehelis.com/Products/Default.aspx?ProdID=BLH3680) can handle a lot more wind.
Example:
http://www.bladehelis.com/Products/Default.aspx?ProdID=BLH7580#quickSpecsType: Quad-Copter
Main Rotor Diameter: 5.5 in (140mm)
Gross Weight: 2.65 oz (75.0 g)
Length: 11.5 in (292mm)
Motor Size: (4) 8.5mm brushed
Kit/ARF/RTF: BNF
Minimum Age Recommendation: 14 years
Experience Level: Intermediate
Recommended Environment: Indoor/Outdoor
Is Assembly Required: No
I plan to get one of these. They come in smaller packages, below two ounces. These handle a lot more wind.
These can easily tote a semi-custom 320×240 digital video cams. By "semi-custom" I mean a cheap gumpack camera disassembled to lose case weight and using the RC aircraft's battery for power. They get bigger & more capable from there. A few more ounces and you are talking 720p or 1080p.
Arlington, Texas, PD has a drone:
http://www.arlingtonpd.org/AviationUnit/index.html What are the specifics of the equipment used by the Aviation Unit?
Arlington purchased two small helicopters using federal grant funds. They are battery-operated helicopters that carry consumer grade camera/video equipment and are best suited for situations that require less than an hour flight time due to battery limitations. Each aircraft weighs 11 pounds, is approximately 58 inches long, and 20 inches high.
When and where can the Aviation Unit fly?
At this point, the aircraft can only be flown during daylight hours and less than 400 feet above ground. The small helicopter must be flown within line of sight of the officer who is remotely piloting the helicopter, which essentially means it must be flown in the general area where it takes off. The equipment has to be driven to the incident scene and unloaded after a clearly defined incident perimeter has been established. The police department is not allowed to fly directly over crowds such as football games or parades. Flying north of Interstate Highway 30 is also currently prohibited due to the proximity to the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
APD has been one of the better run PDs around here. Their idea was to essentially mimic manned heli operations on a smaller scale and for much less $$$$. Reading what they got and how htey plan to operate, these guys are Doing It Right, IMO.
This could still be brought down by stout duck & goose loads. One pellet into either rotor and say "buh-bye" as the carbon fiber blades shatter. Same for a pellet in the area of the swash plate, the Rx, or ESC. Might even get fireworks if you penetrate the lithium polymer battery. A dedicated 2.4GHz jammer/source could also disrupt the bugger and cost Arlington taxpayers some serious $$$.
The smallest .mil drones are fixed wing and in this weight class, maybe +10lbs.