Does air circulate through the cabinet at all? Could some humidity get trapped? I am near the Gulf Coast. Depending on weather changes and such, sometimes the house gets more humid than others. That is one reason I like to drop the temp in the evening to the low 70's. It does seem to dry things out better. My safe is inside in the AC. I haven't noticed rust, but I need to keep an eye out for that.
I have heard lots of people talk about doing a PM on all their guns once a year. All I can suggest is wiping everything down with gun oil. It has been a while since I have pulled out some of my guns. I may need to do that soon. I have some days off next week.
The other thing may be to look at the oil you are using. Maybe something about it doesn't protect as well or is susceptible to whatever mold you found. A recent Dan Wesson manual recommended FP-10 or Militech oil instead of the oils I have been using. I got some FP-10 recently and like it.