First off, I'm going to the gunsmith tomorrow morning for safety, but thought I would check in for thoughts.
I just finished (part of) my weekly 100-7 drill. It's a 50 round drill and I always take one 30rnd mag and one mag loaded to 20 so I don't have to keep count. I got to 29 in the first mag, and the bolt locked back. My first thought was that as I have done before, I miscounted and only had 29 in there. This is a timed drill, so I was in a hurry to jam the next mag in, when I LUCKILY saw that there was a freakin' live round in the chamber. Otherwise I would have put the next mag in and closed the bolt. Most likely the bolt just wouldn't have closed, but with pointy rounds, there's always the chance of a primer hit.
Anyway, I'm trying to figure out what caused it. The live round was not stuck. It fell out easy as can be, and after verifying the barrel was clear, I put that round back in the mag (wondering if that mag was iffy) and shot it. When I googled "AR15 bolt locked back live round in chamber" all I got were hits about STUCK rounds. This round was not stuck.
This is my PWS MK111 piston upper on a PWS lower. Maybe 3500-4000 rounds through the gun. I was shooting with a can, last cleaning about 200 rounds ago. I usually clean around 200 rounds, and was in fact going to clean today as I was going to paint this gun tomorrow. So I guess it could be dirt related, but 200 rounds should be nothing for a piston AR. Maybe the can had something to do with it?