I'm sure it has something to do with the time period I grew up in, but the first anti-ship weapon that comes to my mind is the Exocet. That one had several deployments against British and US warships. From rough comparisons the Exocet and the Neptune appear to be relatively similar in payload - the Exocet having a 165kg warhead and the Neptune at 150kg. Both are subsonic.
The Moskva was a cruiser 611 feet long and displacing 12,490 tons.
HMS Sheffield (410 feet and 4,820t) was hit by one Exocet, had its firefighting equipment damaged and was then destroyed by the resulting fire
HMS Glamorgan (520 feet, 6,300t) was hit by one Exocet and - though damaged - survived.
SS Atlantic Conveyor (civilian ship 695 feet and 14,946t) was hit by two Exocets and was destroyed by fire.
The USS Stark (455 feet and 4,200t) was hit by two Exocets and was severely damaged but was repaired and returned to service.
Thought the comparison was interesting.