I fail to see a problem.
Suppose the Federal government decides that you do not have a right to free speech guaranteed to you by the Constitution of the United States.
But that, in itself, does not mean that states MUST introduce censorship. They don't have to do so if the locals don't want it. Furthermore, it bears no influence on whether the Constitution of, say, Virginia guarantees the right to free speech.
The only way this can infringe on the 'rights' of the locals is if they feel like introducing censorship in Virginia or (As the case had been historically at the time the 14th was passed) disarm and abuse some freedmen. Oh, the poor little darlings. Not being able to pass their own laws, my heart bleeds for them.