They did.
It's called the Camaro.
Although, everybody goes retro for a while, then outgrows it after a period of time.
You'll see the current versions of the Mustang, Challenger, and Camaro drift away from their 1960s-inspired styling as time goes on, and then whaddya know?
Retro again.
This new whatever-they're-gonna-call-it Ozzie SS may be a departure, especially if it goes by just a solitary SS badge. My gut feeling is that it's not intended to be anything retro, just a fast RWD sedan in a FWD world, with easily-obtainable tooling.
Chevy's not done that before, Super Sport always denoted a trim/performance package on a given platform, something they've previously plastered on the Malibu, Impala, El Camino, Chevelle, Chevy-II, Nova, Camaro, Lumina, Monte Carlo, S-10, HHR, Cobalt, Silverado, 454 pickup, and Trailblazer.
I would've thought Chevy would piggy-back on the Cadillac ATS chassis, it generates some respectable numbers for a 2.0L turbo.