Are gun defenses hikers only? Hunters more often than not walk off, rather than on trails, and try to be quiet. Also, if hunters are dressing a fresh kill or something, they are more likely to be unaware of a hungry bear, and if aware at the last second, are going to reach for the gun they already have with them. They may not get it in position to even get a shot off. Does the research count only those gun encounters where shots were fired, or all encounters where a gun was present?