But, AJ Dual, you're talking about near-isotropic cell tower power radiation. That is, the cell tower radiates in more or less equal directions except down.
But it might be possible someday to beam power toward a cell phone, knowing the phone's location. A beam does not violate the inverse square law, it just cuts the distance factor involved unless it is a perfectly non-divergent beam. In that special case the distance factor falls out of the inverse square law. What you send out hits the target with the same power regardless of distance.
In general, though, in the present Radio Shack Thesis, we're talking picoWatts coming off the antenna in your cell phone picking up the tower's energy for use in the rest of your cell phone's circuitry. I doubt you could ever even use that for long-term charging of a battery above its self-discharge rate to operate the rest of the circuitry, especially the transmitter. However, who knows? The tiny signal coming off a crystal radio set [antenna] just barely operates an electrostatic earphone, so with the advances in nanocircuitry, all predictions are off.
It might be possible with other power sources, though, like photoelectric cells or maybe an inertial charging mechanism like in watches. By saying "like," I mean to imply that these two suggestions are not exhaustive of the possibilities.
Terry, 230RN
Edited to add the bracketed "antenna" regarding crystal radio sets and correct poster's screen name.