I work on the defense side of medical malpractice cases, albeit not in Texas. The cap referred to above for non-economic damages is partially correct, but these are the 'pain and suffering' component of the award. Economic damages, such as wage loss, loss of future earning capacity, costs of future medical care, rehabilitation, cost of durable medical equipment, and the like are not capped and a jury is free to award whatever amount they think is appropriate.
It is incorrect to say that all non-economic and economic damages combined in a Texas medmal case are capped at a maximum of $ 750,000. In most cases, the non-economic damages are capped at $ 500,, depending on the number of medical defendants in the case and if they are physicians vs. hospitals.
This explains the nature of the damages caps in Texas from the ever helpful McCullough Campbell site:
Texas has three relevant damage caps:
In a medical malpractice action filed on or after September 1, 2003, regardless of the number of causes of action asserted, non-economic damages are limited to a total of $250,000 from all doctors and other individuals. Non-economic damages are limited to $250,000 from each hospital or other institution and a total of $500,000 from all institutions. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. § 74.301 (Westlaw 2007). The cap applies to each "claimant," which includes everyone seeking damages due to one person's injury or death. Id.; Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. § 74.001(a)(2) (Westlaw 2007). A constitutional amendment authorizes this legislation. Tex. Const. art. III, § 66.
In a medical malpractice action for wrongful death, damages (both economic and non-economic) are limited to $500,000 (in 1977 dollars) plus the cost of any necessary medical or custodial care. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code. § 74.303 (Westlaw 2007). The predecessor of this statute was intended to apply to all medical malpractice, but was held to be unconstitutional except for causes of action created by statute, like wrongful death. Rose v. Doctors Hospital, 801 S.W.2d 841 (Tex. 1990). The cap is adjusted annually for inflation, § 74.303(b), and is now approximately $1,650,000. In actions filed on or after September 1, 2003, this limit applies to the total recovery, not separately to each defendant, and includes exemplary damages. § 74.303(a).
In any action not based on certain types of intentional criminal conduct, exemplary damages are limited to the larger of the following amounts: (a) non-economic damages (up to a maximum of $750,000) plus two times economic damages, or (b) $200,000. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 41.008 (Westlaw 2007).